Overview
The Israelites regarded the sunrise or dawn as the beginning of
the day; in the evening the sun starts declining and then goes down at night
until the new day started in the morning. The Old and New Testament proves this
as a fact. When determining how the ancient Israelites reckoned their days,
there is confusion since the word ‘date’ is not found in our bibles and since
they used the word ‘day’ instead of the word ‘date’. Today we use the words ‘day’ and
‘date’ interchangeably also.
Creation
On creation day one our Father in
Heaven created light. Our Father in
Heaven first mentions that light is called day and then He says darkness is call
night. Therefore the order is day and then night.
“In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth. But the earth was
unsightly and unfurnished, and darkness was over the deep, and the Spirit of
God moved over the water. And God said, Let there be light, and there was
light. And God saw the light that it was good, and God divided between the
light and the darkness. And God called the light Day
[G2250 hēmera], and the
darkness he called Night [G3571
nux (noox)], and there was evening and there was morning, the first day [G2250
hēmera].” LXX (Sep) Gen 1:1-5
Our Father in Heaven created the sun,
moon and the stars for regulating the day and night on the fourth day of
creation. Notice that the day is always mentioned before night.
“And God said, Let there be lights in
the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, to divide between day
[G2250 hēmera] and night [G3571 nux (noox)], and
let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and for years. And let them
be for light in the firmament of the heaven, so as to shine upon the earth, and
it was so. And God made the two great lights, the greater light for regulating
the day
[G2250 hēmera] and the
lesser light for regulating the night [G3571 nux (noox)], the
stars also. And God placed them in the firmament of the heaven, so as to shine
upon the earth, and to regulate day [G2250 hēmera] and night [G3571 nux (noox)], and to
divide between the light and the darkness. And God saw that it was good. And
there was evening [G2073
hespera] and there was morning [G4044 prōi], the fourth day [G2250 hēmera].”
LXX (Sep) Gen
1:14-19
“And God said: Let
there be lights made in the firmament of heaven, to divide the day
[Latin diem singular of
dies] and the night [Latin noctem singular of
nox], and let them be
for signs, and for seasons, and for days [Latin dies] and years”. DR Gen 1:14
“dixit autem Deus
fiant luminaria in firmamento caeli ut dividant diem ac noctem et sint in signa et
tempora et dies
et annos.” Latin Vulgate Gen 1:14
“And the evening
[Latin vespere singular
of vesper] and morning [Latin mane] were the
fourth day [Latin dies].” DR Gen 1:19
“et factum est vespere et mane dies quartus.” LV Gen 1:19
“God said, “Let
there be lights in the expanse of sky to divide the day [H3117
yom] from the night [H3915 layelah];
and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days
[H3117 yom] and years.” WEB Gen 1:14
“There was evening
[H6153 ereb] and there was morning
[H1242 boqer], a fourth day [H3117 yom]”. WEB Gen 1:19
Day, Night, Evening &
Morning Word Definitions
Below
are the definitions used in the creation verses above in all four
languages. Notice they all agree that
the day starts at sunrise. Sunrise is the time
of day when the sun appears above the eastern horizon. Sunrise is also known as dawn.
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English
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Greek
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Latin
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Modern Hebrew
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Day
Any period of 24 hours, A 24-hour
period beginning at 6am or sunrise
from the Old English word dæġ meaning day,
(usually) as a period from sunrise to sunset and (scientifically) as a
24-hour period from sunrise to sunrise
From
the Proto-Germanic word dagaz
which comes from the Proto-Indo- European root word meaning ‘to burn’.
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G2250 – Hēmera
a day, the period from sunrise to
sunset
day, i.e. (literally) the time space
between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours
From Proto-Indo-European
*h₂eh₃mr̥ (“heat”), from *h₂eh₃- (“be hot, burn”)
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Dies
A solar or sidereal day of about 24
hours
Daytime: a period of light between
sunrise and sunset.
From the Proto-Italic
word djous
meaning day, sky.
Ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European
root word dyew
meaning ‘to be bright’, sky, heaven.
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H3117 Yom
From an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as
the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one
sunset to the next)
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Night
The period between sunset and sunrise, darkness
Proto-Indo-European
*nókʷts meaning night
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G3571 Nux or Noox
Night
Proto-Indo-European
*nókʷts meaning night
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Nox
Night period of time, darkness.
Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts meaning night.
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H3915
layil or lel or layelah
From the same as luwl; properly, a twist (away
of the light), i.e. Night; figuratively, adversity – ((mid-))night (season).
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Evening
from the Old English ǣfnung, meaning ‘the
coming of evening, sunset, time around sunset’
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G2073 Hespera
evening, eventide, eve
Western, evening
At
evening, western, evening star, Venus
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Vesper
The evenings or vespers, supper,
dinner, the evening star, west.
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[H6153
Ereb]
day, evening, tide, night
dusk -- + day, even(-ing, tide), night
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Morning
The early part of the day, especially from dawn
to noon
From Middle
English morwe meaning morning, dawn
Ultimately
from from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to
flicker, twinkle”)
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G4044 Prōi
at dawn; by implication, the day-break watch
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Mane
Morning
From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂-
(“to ripen,
to mature”)
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H1242
Boqer
day,
early, morning, morrow
From baqar; properly, dawn (as the
break of day); generally, morning -- (+) day, early, morning, morrow.
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Regarding the definition
of the word ‘evening’, I did not feel any of the definitions above were good. My understanding is the evening means ‘when
the sun is evening on the horizon’. The Wikipedia talk tab shows arguments
as to what the real definition means and one person states it means when there
is an even amount of day and night.
Genesis
Chapter One – The Day
Genesis chapter one models how we are to reckon our days and I
have created the table below to illustrate this fact. Notice what is done
during the light of day is always mentioned first. The time between evening and morning is
called night and it is always mentioned second. This illustrates the fact that
daylight is comes first and that is when our Father in Heaven did his work. Night
time comes second and that is when our Father in Heaven did no work.
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Date
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Time
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Genesis
Text with God’s Creation Paraphrased
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Verse Numbers
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One
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Day
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God created light:
God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night.
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1:1-5
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Night
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“There was evening and there was morning, one day.” [The time between evening and
morning is night time.]
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1:5
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Two
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Day
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God created the sky: God made the expanse, and divided the
waters… God called the expanse sky.
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1:6-8
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Night
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“There was evening
and there was morning, a second day.” [Between evening and morning is
night time.]
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1:8
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Three
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Day
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God created dry land, earth and seas. He also placed grass, herbs and fruit trees
on the earth.
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1:9-12
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Night
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“There was evening
and there was morning, a third day.” [Between evening and morning is
night time.]
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1:13
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Four
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Day
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God created two great lights to divide the day and the
night.
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1:14-18
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Night
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“There was
evening and there was morning, a fourth day.” [Between evening and morning is night time.]
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1:19
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Five
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Day
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God created living creatures for the sea and birds.
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1:20-22
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Night
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“There was evening
and there was morning, a fifth day.” [Between
evening and morning is night time.]
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1:23
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Six
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Day
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God created living creatures for the land (cattle and
other animals) and man (male and female).
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1:24-31
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Night
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“There was
evening and there was morning, the sixth day.” [Between evening and morning is night time.]
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1:31
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Seven
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Day
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“The heavens and the
earth were finished, and all the host of them. On the seventh day God
finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from
all his work which he had made. God blessed the seventh day, and made it
holy, because he
rested in it from all his work
which he had created and made.”
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2:1-3
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As you can see, our Father in Heaven
started the book of Genesis by giving as an example of how our day and week
should be reckoned, as follows:
1.
Day: he created the day before he created the
night; showing the day is first.
2.
Work
Day: he did all of HIS work during the
day, before evening started.
3.
Evening: he stopped working in the evening and did no
work at night.
4.
Morning: he started a new day in the morning and
considered the previous day done. Then
he started working again in the morning.
5.
Order
of Day: he showed us the order of our
day should be; morning, day, evening, night and then morning again.
6.
Work
Days: He worked for six days prior to
resting on the seventh day.
7.
Seventh
Day: He did no work on the seventh day
or night, he instead rested.
Jesus followed this reckoning of the
work week since he explained that he needed to get his work done during the day
since no one was to perform work at night.
“We
must work the works of him who sent me while it is day
[G2250 hēmera]; night [G3571 nux (noox)] is coming, when no one can work.” ESV John
9:4
Feast Days
When
our Father in Heaven provided us our instruction for observing HIS feast days
he uses the word ‘day’; therefore our Father is reckoning our calendar by ‘day’
and not by ‘night’. For example, He told
the Israelites to observe the Passover on the 14th ‘day’ even though
the activity was to be performed in the evening (even).
“Moreover
let the children of Israel keep the
passover in its appointed season. In the fourteenth day
of this month, at even, ye shall keep it in its appointed season:
according to all the statutes of it, and according to all the ordinances
thereof, shall ye keep it.” ASV Numbers 9:5
In the verses
below, notice that in our instructions for observing the feast day, our Father
in Heaven tells us the day or date they should be performed. He does not tell us which evening or night
they should be performed.
“And on the fifteenth day of this month is the feast of unleavened
bread to the Lord; seven days shall
ye eat unleavened bread. And the first day
shall be a holy convocation to you: ye shall do no servile work.” LXX Lev 23:6-7
“And in the seventh month, on the first day
of the month, there shall be to you a holy convocation: ye shall do no servile
work: it shall be to you a day of
blowing the trumpets.” LXX Num 29:1
“Speak unto the children of Israel,
saying, The fifteenth day of this
seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the Lord.”
KJV Leviticus 23:34
If our Father in Heaven wanted us to
reckon our 24 hour time period by evening, the above verse would read ‘The
fifteenth evening of the seventh month’. If he wanted us to reckon it at midnight,
the verse would read ‘The fifteenth midnight
of the seventh month’. Since he used the
word day consistently, I believe that he wants us to reckon our time by the day
and the day starts at dawn or sunrise meaning morning.
The Switching of Day and
Night
There
has also been some tapering with the scriptures to make people believe that
night comes before day. Below are three
different translations of the same verse showing the day is before the night:
“And thy lyfe shall hange before the,
and thou shalt feare both daye and nyghte ad shalt haue no trust in thy lyfe.”
Tyndale Deuteronomy 28:66
“And thy life shall hang in doubt
before thee; and thou shalt fear day and night,
and shalt have none assurance of thy life.”
KJV Deuteronomy 28:66
“And thy life shall be in suspense
before thine eyes; and thou shalt be afraid by day and by night, and thou shalt have no
assurance of thy life.” Septuagint, Deuteronomy 28:66
Here
are newer versions of the same verses that have day and night switched which
might lead people to believe that the night is reckoned before the day:
“Your
life shall hang in doubt before you. Night and day you shall be in dread and have no assurance
of your life.” ESV
Deuteronomy 28:66
“And
your life shall hang in doubt before you; and you shall fear night
and day,
and shall have no assurance of your life.”
WEB Deuteronomy 28:66
There is a verse in Jeremiah where day
and night have been switched also. Here
is an earlier version of this verse:
“And
thou shalt speak this word to them; Let your eyes shed tears day and night,
and let them not cease: for the daughter of my people has been sorely bruised,
and her plague is very grievous.” LXX Septuagint, Jeremiah 14:17
Here are two later versions of the same
verse where they have switched night and day again:
"You shall say to them this word: 'Let my
eyes run down with tears night
and day,
and let them not cease, for the virgin daughter of my people is shattered with
a great wound, with a very grievous blow.”
ESV
Jeremiah 14:17
“And thou shalt say this word unto
them, Let mine eyes run down with tears night
and day, and let them not cease.” ASV Jeremiah 14:17
Closing the Temple
In
this verse, they are closing the gates at sundown in preparation for the
Sabbath day that will be starting the next morning. They have just probably completed their day
of work and they want to ensure that the gates are shut (at the close of
business most businesses lock there doors).
The Sabbath day starts in the morning, they cannot return to close the
gates on the Sabbath day since that would be considered work and a violation of
the law. No work is allowed on the Sabbath day. Notice the verse reflects
Sabbath day and not Sabbath evening or night.
“As soon as it began to grow dark at the gates of Jerusalem before
the Sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut and gave orders that
they should not be opened until after the Sabbath. And I stationed some of my
servants at the gates, that no load might be brought in on the Sabbath day.” ESV Nehemiah
13:19
Daybreak
The Greek word ‘orthros’ Strong’s number 3722, translates to the English word dawn, day-break,
sunrise or early in the morning. Here
are sample verses reflecting the event happened at the start of the day:
“And he said to him,
Let me go, for the day has dawned
[G3722 orthros];
but he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.” LXX Gen 32:26
“And it came to pass on the third day, as the morning drew nigh [G3722 orthros], there were voices
and lightnings and a dark cloud on mount Sina: the
voice of the trumpet sounded loud, and all the people in the camp trembled.” LXX Exo
19:16
“But the men would not
consent to hearken to him; so the man laid hold of his concubine, and brought her
out to them; and they knew her, and abused her all night till the morning, and
let her go when the morning dawned
[G3722 orthros].”
LXX Jdg 19:25
“for a day of darkness and gloominess is near, a
day of cloud and mist: a numerous and strong people shall be spread upon the
mountains as the morning [G3722 orthros]; there has not
been from the beginning one like it, and after it there shall not be again even
to the years of many generations.” LXX Joel 2:2
“But on the first day of the week, at early dawn [G3722 orthros], they went to the
tomb, taking the spices they had prepared.” ESV Luke 24:1
The
Hebrew word ‘shachar’, Strong’s number 7837, translates to the English word ‘dawn’
and is defined as; dayspring, early, light, morning, or whence rises. The bible
translator have used these words, in our scriptures, to reflect the word
‘shachar’; dawn, dawning of the day, daybreak, and morning. Here are examples of verses translated from
the Hebrew word ‘shachar’ and they all imply the day was beginning:
“But the men would not hearken to him: so the
man took his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and
abused her all the night until the morning: and when the day began to spring [shachar], they let her go.”
KJV Judges 19:25
“On
the seventh day they rose early, at the dawn of day [shachar],
and marched around the city in the same manner seven times. It was only on that
day
that they marched around the city seven times.” ESV
Joshua 6:15
“Have
you commanded the morning since your days began [shachar],
and caused the dawn to know its place.” ESV
Job 38:12
“So
Bethel will do to you because of your great
wickedness. At daybreak [shachar]
the king of Israel will be destroyed.”
WEB Hosea 10:15
The
events of Jesus’ crucifixion also prove the Israelites reckoned their time from
dawn of the morning sunrise to the dawn of the morning. I will be documenting
this fact below.
Let’s
remember that Paul told us we are children of the day:
“Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the
day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness.” KJV 1 Thessalonians 5:5
The
Hour
The Israelites reckoned their day, new month and New Year to all
start at the same time. These all started at the Hebrew hour 0 which is 6:00
a.m. in the
morning.
Above is a picture of how the Hebrew
sundial worked. The day, month, and New
Year all started at Hour 0 which is 6:00AM and scripture does prove this
also.
For information on reading the sun dial
and scriptures regarding the hour of the day, see this page Our Father's Solar Hour, the Division of the Day .
Jesus’
Crucifixion & Spring Feast Event Summary
The crucifixion events prove dawn to
dawn reckoning. In order to for Jesus to
be the Passover lamb, he had to fulfill the law of Passover exactly. Our current calendar dates below are based on
Jesus being crucified and dying on April 3rd, 33AD which was the
Solar Passover date. This is the date
that many researchers believe to be true.
The spring equinox
in 33AD was on March 20th at 7:34am.
Therefore the Solar Passover sacrifice would be required on April 3rd.
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/ar5/srvernal.html
The new moon was
March 17th at 10:00am.
Therefore a lunar Passover dinner would be on March 31st and
the Jewish Passover ended on April 1st at 6:00pm.
http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/SpringPhenom.php
The
Solar & Lunar Passover above is confirmed since these events occurred on April
1st:
Matthew 26:1-2 in two
days Passover is coming (Israelite Solar Passover)
Matthew 26:3 Caiaphas
plots to kill Jesus but they decide not to during the feast (Lunar Passover)
Same as Mark 14:1-2
Note:
the translations in our bibles are worded to make you think it was
Passover the night of the Last Supper but it was not. That is why I have consulted Strong’s and
have reworded the verses.
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Hebrew
Date
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Current
Calendar Date
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High-Level
Instructions
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High-level
Summary of Events
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Abib 13 Monday
late evening
[after sundown]
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April 2nd
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The events in the ‘Last Supper’. It
includes a loaf of bread and wine.
Mat
26:26 & Mark
14:22 & Luke
22:19
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Jesus’
Last Supper (it was not Passover)
Have dinner, after the sun goes down,
and include regular bread with leaven
and wine.
Jesus broke bread G740 & they ate it. Note that they were not eating unleavened bread
G106 like you are required
to do at Passover. (They did go to prepare since they were required to have
themselves cleaned up for the morning.
They did not sacrifice a lamb before this meal.)
Luke 22:15-16
He wants to eat Passover with the Disciples but states he will not eat it
until it is fulfilled in the kingdom (meaning after he is crucified).
(reworded)
Mat
26:36-46 Jesus
goes to pray & the Disciples keep falling asleep
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Abib 14 Tuesday
Starting at dawn or about 6:00am
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April 3rd
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Passover
Preparation Day Event order: kill the
lamb, roast it and then eat it at the night of the 14th. It
includes unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
E12:6 Kill the lamb on the 14th
day at evening H6153 (this is when the sun is going down about 3:00pm)
E12:9 roast the lamb
E12:18 Start eating unleavened bread (evening H6153) of the 14th day to
the evening H6135 of the 21st day.
Num
9:3 celebrate
the Passover on the 14th day at evening H6153
Lev
23:5 Passover
is in the evening H6135 on the 14th
Deu
16:14 none of
the flesh that you sacrifice in the evening H6135 shall be left for morning
H1242
Jos
5:10 observed
the Passover on the evening H6135 on the 14th day.
2
Chron 30:17 the
Levites had to slaughter the Passover lamb for everyone that was not clean.
(This Passover was attended by many.)
Dinner was after the slaughter and roasting of the lamb.
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Passover
Preparation Day Starts
Mat
26:74 Peter
denied him 3 times then right away the rooster crowed [meaning the sun is
starting to rise.]
Mat
27:1 priest
took counsel against him & sentenced him to death in the early morning or
dawn G4407.
John 18:28
led Jesus to the judgment hall early G4404 dawn – they were worried about
defiling themselves on Passover.
They put Jesus on the cross right
after dawn. He died about 3:00pm Roman
time.
Mat
27:45 from the
6th hour (noon) there was darkness all over the
land to the 9th hour (3:00pm). ( After this Jesus said his last
words.)
John
19:14 It was
preparation day for the Passover, about the 6th hour when Jesus
said to the Judeans ‘Behold you King!’
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Abib 14 Tuesday
Night H3915
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April 3rd
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E12:8 We are to eat flesh at night H3915
with unleavened bread & bitter herbs.
E12:10 burn any remaining lamb in morning H1242
D16:7 the morning H1242 after Passover
return to your tents
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Passover
Dinner
There are is no evidence that Jesus’
family or the Disciples had dinner that night. Jesus did say he would have dinner when it
is fulfilled in the kingdom and he did fulfill the Passover Feast Day prior
to the sundown meal time.
There was no mention of a Passover
dinner due to the law
Numbers 9:10-11:
"Say to the children of Israel, 'If any man of you or of your generations
is unclean by reason of a dead
body, or is on a journey far away, he shall still keep the Passover to God.
In the second month, on the fourteenth day at evening they shall keep it;
they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.”
1
Corth 5:7-8 Shows the
Disciples continued celebrating on the future Passovers.
Mat
27:57 It was
late evening G3798 or nightfall & a rich man Joseph took Jesus to be
wrapped in clean linen & they put him in a tomb.
Mark
15:42 When late
evening G3798 or nightfall had already come because it was the preparation
day, Joseph came to get Jesus’ body.
Luke 23:54
When Joseph put Jesus in the tomb it was preparation day and the Sabbath was
beginning to dawn G2020 (to let shine). (it was getting close to 6:00am
or Hour 0)
Luke 23:56
The women returned home to prepare spices and ointments & rested on the
Sabbath day.
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|
Abib 15 Wednesday
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April 4th
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E12:15 Seven
days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall remove leaven out of your houses, for if
anyone eats what is leavened, from the first day until the seventh day, that
person shall be cut off from Israel. 16 On the first day you shall hold
a holy assembly, and on the seventh day a holy assembly. No work shall be
done on those days. But what everyone needs to eat, that alone may be
prepared by you.
|
Special Sabbath
Day & Unleavened Bread Feast Day Starts
No work this day except what is
required for food preparation. We are
to assemble and remember that we were removed from slavery that day. We must eat unleavened bread.
Mat
27:62 they went
to guard Jesus’ tomb, the next day, the day after Preparation day.
[Preparation day is a day to prepare for the Sabbath day according to
Strong’s or it is preparation for the evening Passover meal.
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Abib 16 Thursday
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April 5th
|
Unleavened bread
|
Eat Unleavened bread
|
|
Abib 17 Friday
|
April 6th
|
Unleavened bread
|
Eat Unleavened bread
|
|
Abib 18 Saturday
|
April 7th
|
Unleavened bread/Resurrection
Sabbath
Day
|
Eat Unleavened bread/Resurrection
Sabbath
Day he rose just before dawn
|
|
Abib 19 Sunday
|
April 8th
|
Unleavened
bread
.
|
Eat
Unleavened bread
Mat
28:1 After the
Sabbath day when it was beginning to be dawn G2020 and start being the 1st
day of the week after the Sabbath Mary found the tomb empty. (reworded) Also Mark
16 & Luke
24
John
20:1 On the first
day, after the Sabbath, Mary came early to the tomb while it was still dark. (reworded)
Luke
24 The same day, Jesus was resurrected and
appeared before the Disciples.
Luke
24:36 Christ will suffer and
rise from the dead on the 3rd day
Mat
12:40 An evil
and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, and no sign will be given to it
except the sign of the prophet Jonah. For as Jonah was three days and
three nights in the whale's belly, so
shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth"
|
|
Abib 20
|
April 9th
|
Unleavened bread
|
Eat Unleavened bread
|
|
Abib 21
|
April 10th
|
Unleavened bread
|
Eat Unleavened bread
|
Therefore in summary, you sacrifice
the lamb at evening, then you cook it whole which takes several hours, and then
you eat the Passover supper. Jesus was crucified the same time as the lamb was
to be sacrificed which was about 3:00pm in the afternoon.
Jesus had to
fulfill the Passover laws in order to be our Passover lamb, therefore, we must
get this timing correct. Please see this page for more information on Passover timing and
laws.
“You shall sacrifice the passover at evening, at the going
down of the sun, at the time that you came forth out of Egypt.” KJV Deuteronomy 16:6
Scripture
proves that our day starts at sunrise and that Jesus’ last supper was not a
Passover meal. There are three different
meals with three different types of bread requirements that prove our day
cannot start at sundown and does start at sunrise.
Abib
13: Loaf bread with wine at the Last
Supper.
Abib
14: Unleavened bread with bitter herbs
at Passover.
Abib
15: Plain unleavened bread during the
feast of Unleavened bread.
“Your
boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole
lump? Cleanse out the old leaven that you may be a new lump, as you really are
unleavened. For Christ, our Passover lamb,
has been sacrificed. Let us therefore celebrate the festival, not with the old
leaven, the leaven of malice and evil, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth”. ESV 1 Corth
5:8
Conclusion
Scripture proves are day
starts at dawn and this old Encyclopedia also has a good article proving the
fact that the day begins at dawn.
To
see the full text see this: Encyclopedia Biblica, 1899 New
York, Volume 1, p. 1036, The Israelites
started their day in the morning. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1yaesEhVmpKQWtaZUhFMWU3RHc/view?usp=sharing
