There is such thing as a ‘lunar month’ and there is a ‘solar
month’ and the bible is referring to the solar month. The book of Enoch, Jubilees and Dead Sea
Scrolls all describe a solar calendar and they are in agreement with each
other. The solar calendar is in
agreement with the season of the year that our Father in Heaven created. Plus
the solar calendar keeps the Sabbath day law and feast day laws perfectly. There are no early writings, documentation or
proof that the Hebrews ever used a lunar calendar for determining when the
feast days are to be observed. The Book
of Jubilees does make this prophecy about the lunar calendar:
“For there will be those who will assuredly make observations of the
moon -how (it) disturbs the seasons and comes in from year to year ten days too
soon. For this reason the years will come upon them when they will disturb (the
order), and make an abominable (day) the day of testimony, and an unclean day a
feast day, and they will confound all the days, the holy with the unclean, and
the unclean day with the holy; for they will go wrong as to the months and Sabbaths
and feasts and jubilees.” Jubilees 6:36
New Month not New Moon
Our bibles have several mistranslations in them and one
major mistranslation is where the English words ‘new moon’ are inserted instead
of the words ‘new month’; therefore making it appear that the biblical months
are lunar. However, when we go back to
the original languages it is easy to see that they state ‘new month’ and not
‘new moon’.
Each of the three languages has a specific word for the word
‘moon’ that is never used when referring to the biblical calendar or
month. Each of the languages also has a
specific word used for the word ‘month’ also.
The verses below show examples of the original biblical text.
Month in Exodus
“This month
[μην (mēn)] shall be to you the beginning of months [μηνών (mēn)]:
it is the first to you among the months [μησί (mēn)] of the year.” Sep Exo 12:2
“This month
shall be to you the beginning of months: it shall be the first in the months
of the year.” DR Exo 12:2
“This month
[chodesh] shall be unto you the beginning of months [chodesh]: it shall be the first month [chodesh] of the year to you.” KJV Exo 12:2
New Month in 2 Kings
“And
he said, Why art thou going to him to-day? It is neither new moon
[νεομηνία (noumēnia), new month] nor the Sabbath. And she said, It is well.”
Sep 2 Ki 4:23
“qui ait illi quam ob causam vadis ad eum hodie non sunt kalendae
[first day of the month from the Proto-Indo-European
word ‘to call’] neque
sabbatum quae respondit vale” LV 2 Kings 4:23
“And he said to her: Why dost thou go to him? to day is neither new moon [kalendae, new month] nor sabbath. She answered: I will go.” DR
Kings 4:23
“And he said, Wherefore wilt thou go to him to day? it is neither new moon [chodesh, new month], nor sabbath. And she said, It shall be
well.” KJV 2 Kings 4:23
[Note: the word ‘chodesh’ was translated as the word month/s 237
times and it was only translated to ‘new moon/s’ 26 times.]
New Month in Psalms
“Blow the trumpet at the new moon [νεομηνία (noumēnia), new month], in the glorious day of your feast.”
Sep Psa 81:3
“bucinate in neomenia tuba in insigni die sollemnitatis
nostrae” LV Psa 80:4 or 81:4
“Blow up the trumpet on the new moon [neomenia, new month], on the noted day of your solemnity.”
DR Psa 80:4
“Blow up the trumpet in the new moon [chodesh, new month],
in the time appointed, on our solemn feast day.” KJV Psa 81:3
Moon in Job
“If he gives an order to the moon [σελήνη (selēnē); moon], then
it shines not; and the stars are not pure before him.” Sep Job 25:5
“Behold even the moon doth not shine, and the stars are not
pure in his sight.” DR Job 25:5
“Behold even to the moon [yareach: moon], and it shineth not; yea, the stars are
not pure in his sight.” KJV Job 25:5
Each of the three languages has a specific word for the word
‘moon’ that is never used when referring to the biblical calendar or
month. Each of the languages also has a
specific word used for the word ‘month’ also.
The verses below show examples of the original biblical text.
Months
The table below reflects an overview the month names and
their meaning.
|
Biblical Month
& Feast Days
|
Source Verses
|
Greek
Septuagint
280BC
|
Babylon
586BC
|
Josephus
Antiquities & War
|
Latin Vulgate
382 AD - DR
|
Block Hebrew
750 AD & or KJV
|
Today
|
|
1st
|
[New Corn]
|
|
|
March
|
|||
|
|
Νισάν, Nisan
|
Nisānu
Month of the Sanctuary
|
|
Nisan
|
|||
|
|
Marchesuan (Hebrew name)
(Macedonian)
|
Xanthicus (KJV)
|
|||||
|
2nd
|
Antiquities.8.3.1
|
Ζίου, Ζίου, Ziu, Zio
|
Āru
Month of the Bull (Taurus)
|
(Macedonian)
Jur
(Hebrew)
|
Zio
|
Zif in KJV
|
April
flowers &
trees open
|
|
3rd
|
|
Simanu
|
Desius
|
Siban
|
May
|
||
|
4th
|
War.3.9.1
|
Dumuzu
|
June
|
||||
|
5th
|
Antiquities.4.4.7
|
Abu
|
July
|
||||
|
6th
|
War 2.17.7
|
Ελούλ,
Elul
|
Ulūlu
|
Gorpieus
|
Elul
|
August
|
|
|
7th
|
Tišritum
'Month of Beginning’
(i.e. the start of the second half-year) |
Hyperberetaeus
(Macedonian)
|
September
|
||||
|
8th
|
Samnu
'Month of Laying Foundations'
|
|
October
|
||||
|
9th
|
Ant 11.5.3
War 4.11.3
|
Χασελεύ, Chaseleu
|
Kislimu
|
Tebeth (Hebrews)
Apelleius
(Macedonian)
|
Casleu
|
November
|
|
|
10th
|
Ṭebētum
'Month of the Forthcoming of Water'
|
|
December
|
||||
|
11th
|
Sabat [Σαβάτ],
|
Šabaṭu
|
|
Sabath
|
Shebat: loan-word from
Babylonian
|
January
|
|
|
12th
|
Ant 11.4.6
|
Αδάρ, Adar
|
Adār
|
Dystrus
(Macedonian)
|
February
|
More information:
Reflected below are
the source verses for the information in the table above.
First Month in the Laws of Moses
“This day came ye out
in the month
Abib [H24 abib: fresh, young ears, green ears of corn.]” KJV Exodus 13:4
“Observe the month of new
corn [G3501 νέων (néos): young], and thou shalt sacrifice the passover to
the Lord thy God; because in the month of new corn thou camest out of Egypt by
night.” Sep Deu
16:1
“observa mensem novarum (new) frugum
((plural) produce, crop, fruit) et verni primum temporis ut facias phase
Domino Deo tuo quoniam in isto mense eduxit te Dominus Deus tuus de Aegypto
nocte” LV Deu 16:1
“Observe the month of new
corn, which is the first of the spring, that thou mayst celebrate
the phase to the Lord thy God: because in this month the Lord thy God brought
thee out of Egypt by night.” DR Deu 16:1
“Observe the month of Abib [H24
abib: fresh, young ears, green ears of corn.] , and keep the passover unto the
Lord thy God: for in the month of Abib the Lord thy God brought thee forth out
of Egypt by night.” KJV Deu 16:1
The First Month Nisan
Nisan in the Book of Esdra
“Who spake wise sentences before Darius the king of Persia in the second
year of his reign, in the month Nisan, which is the first month.” Sep 1
Esdra 5:6
“Who spoke wise words to Persia’s King Darius, in the second year of his
rule, in the first
month, the month of Nisan.” Common English Apocrypha (CEA) 1
Esdra 5:6
Nisan in the Book of Esther
The book of Esther in the Greek Septuagint does not agree
with the month in the Latin and King James Version.
“So the scribes were called in the first-month, which is Nisan [G3538.1 Νισάν from G3538 niptō; to wash], on
the three and twentieth day of the same year; and orders were written to the
[Ιουδαίοις] Judeans whatever the king
had commanded to the local governors and chiefs of the satraps, from India even
to Ethiopia, a hundred and twenty-seven satraps, according to the several
provinces, according to their dialects.” Sep Esther 8:9
“accitisque scribis et librariis regis erat autem tempus tertii [third](3) mensis qui
(who) appellatur siban vicesima et tertia illius die scriptae sunt epistulae
ut Mardocheus voluerat ad Iudaeos et ad principes procuratoresque et iudices
qui centum viginti septem provinciis ab India usque Aethiopiam praesidebant
provinciae atque provinciae populo et populo iuxta linguas et litteras suas et
Iudaeis ut legere poterant et audire” LV Esther 8:9
“Then
the king's scribes and secretaries were called for (now it was the time of the third month which is called Siban) the three and twentieth
day of the month, and letters were written, as Mardochai had a mind, to the
Jews, and to the governors, and to the deputies, and to the judges, who were
rulers over the hundred and twenty-seven provinces, from India even to
Ethiopia: to province and province, to people and people, according to their
languages and characters, and to the Jews, according as they could read and
hear.” DR Esther 8:9
“Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month,
that is, the month Sivan [H5510
Sivan, the 3rd Month, loan-word from Assyrian -Babylonian Simânu] on the three and twentieth day thereof”
KJV Esther 8:9
Nisan in the book of Nehemiah
“And it came to pass in the month Nisan [G3538.1 Νισάν from G3538 niptō; to wash] of
the twentieth year of king Arthasastha, that the wine was before me: and I took
the wine, and gave it to the king: and there was not another before him.”
Sep Neh 2:1
“factum est autem in mense nisan anno vicesimo Artarxersis regis et vinum
erat ante eum et levavi vinum et dedi regi et non eram quasi languidus ante
faciem eius” LV Neh 2:1
“And it came to pass in the month of Nisan, in the twentieth year of
Artaxerxes the king: that wine was before him, and I took up the wine, and gave
it to the king: and I was as one languishing away before his face.” DR Neh
2:1
“And it came to pass in the month Nisan [H5212
Nisan; loan-word from Babylonian Nisannu] in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that wine was before
him: and I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king.” KJV Neh 2:1
The First Month is Xanthicus in Maccabees
The Greek Septuagint show the Greek word is ξανθικοῦ which
comes from the word ξανθός
(xanthós) which means golden ears of corn.
The word ‘xantho’
which is from the ancient Greek ‘ξᾰνθός
(xanthós) also means yellow or
golden. See this page for more versions
of Maccabees https://studybible.info/compare/2%20Maccabees%2011:33
“Fare ye well. In the hundred forty and eighth year, and the fifteenth
day of the month Xanthicus.” Sep 2 Mac 11:33
“Fare
ye well. In the year one hundred and forty-eight, the fifteenth day of the
month of Xanthicus.”
DR 2 Mac 11:33
“Those who return by the thirtieth of Xanthicus will have our pledge
of friendship with no need for fear.” Common English Apocrypha 2 Mac 11:30
“Farewell. This hundred and eight and fortieth year, the fifteenth day
of the month Xanthicus.”
Sep 2 Mac 11:38
“Fare ye well. In the year one hundred and forty-eight, the fifteenth
day of the month of Xanthicus.” DR Mac 11:38
“Be in good health! Year 148, the fifteenth day of the month of Xanthicus.”
Common English Apocrypha 2 Mac 11:38
Josephus regarding the First Month
“This
calamity happened in the six hundredth year of Noah's government [AGE], in the
second month, called by the Macedonians Dius [Latin alternative word to dīvus; from Greek δῖος (dîos); heavenly, divine, noble] but by
the Hebrews, Marchesuan;
for so did they order their year in Egypt; but Moses appointed that Nisan,
which is the same with Xanthicus, should be the first month for their festivals, because he brought them out
of Egypt in that month; so that this month began the year as to all the solemnities
they observed to the honor of God, although he preserved the original order of
the months as to selling and buying, and other ordinary affairs.”
Antiquities.1.3.3:80-81
Second Month – Ziu, Zio
I could only find the word Zio in Italian which
means ‘uncle’ and is derived from the Latin word thius which
also means uncle. The Latin word ‘thius’
comes from the Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos) which means ‘belonging
to God, sacred, holy’. The word ‘Ziu’ is Sicilian for
‘uncle’ and is also derived from the Greek Word ‘theios’. Therefore, the words Ziu and Zio must mean
belonging to God our Heavenly Father.
Zion might be from the word Zio.
Zion (Sion) is where our Father’s holy mountain is located (Joel 2:1,
Zec 8:3, Heb 12:22, Rev 14:1).
The word Ziu appears to be inserted into Brenton’s
translation of the Septuagint since it is missing from the Greek in this verse.
“In the fourth year he laid the foundation of the house of the Lord, in
the month
Ziu [?], even in the second [G1208 δευτέρω (deuteros) meaning second] month.” Sep 1 Kings 6:1
“factum est igitur quadringentesimo et octogesimo anno egressionis
filiorum Israhel de terra Aegypti in anno quarto mense zio ipse est mensis secundus regis
Salomonis super Israhel aedificare coepit domum Domino” LV 1 Kings 6:1
“And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the
children of Israel came out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of the
reign of Solomon over Israel, in the month Zio (the
same is the second
month), he began to build a house to the Lord.” DR 1 Kings 6:1
“And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the
children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of
Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month Zif [H2099
Ziv, maybe Aramaic for brightness, freshness] which is the second month, that he began to build the house
of the Lord.” KJV 1
Kings 6:1
Other versions of the Septuagint show the month Zif in verse
1 Kings 6:37:
The Greek word is ζίου which is actually zioú and not Zif.
See other versions here: https://studybible.info/compare/1%20Kings%206:37
Josephus states the Macedonian Greeks called the second
month Artemisius which could be derived from the word Artems which might
derive from árktos meaning "bear". The Arctic Circle comes from the
Greek word ἀρκτικός (arktikos: "near the Bear, northern") and that
from the word ἄρκτος (arktos: "bear"). The second month, April/May timeframe, is
when the sun is heading north towards the Arctic Circle. The middle of the second month was a cross
quarter day celebration which had to do with the Bear constellation’s position
in the sky (approx. May 1 or May Day).
The Celts also celebrated this cross quarter day (more
information here).
“Solomon began to build the temple in the fourth year of his reign, on
the second
month, which the Macedonians call Artemisius, and the Hebrews Jur;
five hundred and ninety-two years after the exodus out of Egypt, but one
thousand and twenty years from Abraham's coming out of Mesopotamia into Canaan”
Antiquities.8.3.1:61
Third Month – Seiouan or Siban
“At the same time when he received the vessels of the house
of the Lord, that were carried out of the temple, to return them into the land
of Juda, the tenth day of the month Sivan, namely, silver vessels, which
Sedecias the son of Josias king of Jada had made” Sep Bar 1:8
“ἐν τῷ λαβεῖν αὐτὸν τὰ
σκεύη οἴκου Κυρίου, τὰ ἐξενεχθέντα ἐκ τοῦ ναοῦ, ἀποστρέψαι εἰς [into] γῆν
[land]᾿Ιούδα [Juda], τῇ δεκάτῃ [tenth] τοῦ Σειουάν [Seiouan], σκεύη [equipment] ἀργυρᾶ, ἃ ἐποίησε Σεδεκίας υἱὸς ᾿Ιωσία βασιλεὺς ᾿Ιούδα”
Sep Greek Bar 1:8 https://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/septuagint/chapter.asp?book=45
“At the time when he
received the vessels of the temple of the Lord, which had been taken away out
of the temple, to return them into the land of Juda the tenth day of the month
Sivan,
the silver vessels, which Sedecias the son of Josias king of Juda had made.”
DR Baruch 1:8
“During the same time,
on the tenth day of Sivan, Baruch took the equipment from the
Lord’s house that had been removed from the temple—the silver equipment that
Judah’s King Zedekiah, Josiah’s son, had made—to return it to Judah.” Common English Apocrypha (CEA) Baruch 1:8
Josephus never uses any form of the word Siban or Sivan in
his histories. The publisher inserted
the word ‘Sivan’ everywhere he mentions the month ‘Desius’.
“This calamity befell the Galileans on the twenty-fifth day of the month Desius
[SIVAN].” War 3.7.30:306
Fourth Month
The fourth month is only called the fourth month in the
bible and no other name.
“Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth [τετάρτω (tetartos) meanig fourth] month,
on the fifth day of the month, that I was in the midst of the captivity by the
river of Chobar; and the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God.” Sep Eze 1:1
“Now it came to pass in the
thirtieth year, in the fourth month, on the fifth day of the month,
when I was in the midst of the captives by the river Chobar, the heavens were
opened, and I saw the visions of God.” DR Eze 1:1
“et factum est in tricesimo anno in
quarto
mense in quinta mensis cum essem in medio captivorum iuxta fluvium Chobar
aperti sunt caeli et vidi visiones Dei.”
LV Eze 1:1
Now it came to pass in the
thirtieth year, in the fourth month [H7243 rebii: fourth],
in the fifth day of the month, as I was among the captives by the river of
Chebar, that the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God. KJV Eze
1:1
Josephus calls the fourth month Panemus and the publisher
has inserted the month name Tamuz.
Panemus is also the word panem which means bread
or loaf of bread. June is the month when bread can be made from the newly
harvested grain. There is an unleavened
type of pane bread https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane_carasau.
There is also a Christmas holiday pane bread https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panettone.
“Now Vespasian returned to Ptolemais on the fourth day of the month Panemus
[TAMUZ], and from thence he came
to Cesarea, which lay by the seaside. This was a very great city of Judea, and
for the greatest part inhabited by Greeks.”
War.3.9.1:409
Fifth Month
The fifth month appears to always be called the fifth month
in our bibles.
“Speaking to the priests that were in the house of the Lord Almighty,
and to the prophets, saying, The holy offering has come in hither in the fifth [G3991 πέμπτος (pemptos) fifth]month, as it has done already many years.” Sep Zec 7:3
“To speak to the priests of the house of the Lord of hosts, and to the
prophets, saying: Must I weep in the fifth month, or must I sanctify myself as I
have now done for many years?” DR Zec 7:3
“ut
dicerent sacerdotibus domus Domini exercituum et prophetis loquentes numquid
flendum mihi est in mense Quinto[fifth] vel sanctificare
me debeo sicuti feci iam multis annis” LV Zec 7:3
“And to speak unto the priests which were in the house of the Lord of
hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth month [H2549
chamishi: fifth], separating myself, as I have done these so
many years?” KJV Zec
7:3
Josephus call the fifth month Lous and the word ‘Ab’ is
inserted many times into the text by the publisher:
“He [Aaron] died in the same year wherein he lost his sister, having
lived in all a hundred and twenty-three years. He died on the first day of that
lunar month which is called by the Athenians Hecatombaeon, by the Macedonians
Lous,
but by the Hebrews Abba.” Antiquities.4.4.7:84
“And now two of the legions had completed their banks on the eighth day
of the month
Lous [AB].” War 6.4.1 (220)
Sixth Month - Elul
The word Elul possibly means ‘to reap’ or the Akkadian word for
‘harvest’. It is the time when most
of the harvest is being brought in from the fields. Another source shows ELUL
ē lūl’ meaning uncertain; probably derived from the Babylonian Elulu or Ululu,
the month of purification.
“So the wall was finished on the twenty-fifth day of the month Elul [Ελούλ], in fifty-two days.” Sep Neh 6:15
“But the wall was finished the five and twentieth day of the month of Elul,
in two and fifty days.” DR Neh 6:15
“conpletus est autem murus vicesimo quinto die mensis elul quinquaginta duobus diebus” Neh 6:15
“So then they wrote it in tables of brass, which they set upon pillars
in mount Sion: and this is the copy of the writing; The eighteenth day of the month Elul,
in the hundred threescore and twelfth year, being the third year of Simon the
high priest” Sep 1Ma_14:27
Josephus calls the sixth month Gorpieus and the publisher
inserts the word Elul.
“But Manahem and his party fell upon the place whence the soldiers were
fled, and slew as many of them as they could catch, before they got up to the
towers, and plundered what they left behind them, and set fire to their camp.
This was executed on the sixth day of the month Gorpieus [ELUL].” War 2.17.7:440
Seventh Month – Athanin, Hethanim
The Greek Septuagint calls the seventh month Athanin which
maybe the same as Athena
Parthenos that was celebrated in the seventh month. In the seventh month every four years they
held Panathenaic
Games as part of their religious festival starting in 566BC which was long
before the Septuagint was documented in 250BC.
These games might have been played during the Feast of Tabernacles.
In the seventh month the constellation Virgo (Latin name)
was the last constellation on the horizon at sunrise; therefore the seventh
month would be a reference to Virgo that the Greeks called Parthenos. Virgo and Parthenos both mean virgin
maiden. A ship wreck dated
back to 70-60BC contained Greek analogue computer with the Greek constellation
names on it and it showed the Greeks did call Virgo Parthenos. It is thought this computer was made sometime
between 87 BC and 205 BC. Therefore
Athena Parthenos is related to the seventh month.
“And it came to pass when Solomon had finished building the house of the
Lord and his own house after twenty years, then king Solomon assembled all the
elders of Israel in Sion, to bring the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of
the city of David, this is Sion, in the month of Athanin [αθανίμ (athanim)].” Sep 1 Ki 8:1-2
“convenitque ad regem Salomonem universus Israhel in mense hethanim in sollemni die ipse est mensis septimus” 1Ki
8:2
“And all Israel assembled themselves to king Solomon on the festival day
in the month
of Ethanim, the same is the seventh month.” DR 1 Ki 8:2
“And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon at the
feast in the month
Ethanim [Ethanim:
month of "steady flowings," the seventh month], which is the seventh month.” KJV 1 Ki 8:2
“And the water subsided, and went off the earth, and after an hundred
and fifty days the water was diminished, and the ark rested in the seventh [G1442 εβδόμω (hebdomos) meaning 7th ] month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, on
the mountains of Ararat.” Sep Gen 8:3
Josephus calls the seventh month Hyperberetaeus hyper- means over, above
or beyond[and states they sacrificed animals during this month which is
probably a reference to the holy feast days that were to be held in the seventh
month.
“But on the seventh month, which the Macedonians call Hyperberetaeus,
they make an addition to those already mentioned, and sacrifice a bull, a ram,
and seven lambs, and a kid of the goats, for sins.” Ant 3.10.3:239
Eighth Month - Bul
The Benton Septuagint translated ‘Βούλ’ to Baal which is not
correct; the word should be Bul as shown in other Septuagint translations.
“In the eleventh year, in the month Baal [Βούλ; βούλα(voúla), seal (stamp and its
impression used to seal envelopes and authenticate documents] this is the eighth month,
the house was completed according to all its plan, and according to all its
arrangement.” Sep 1Ki 6:38
“And in the eleventh year in the month Bul [bulla; round metallic seal
certifying official medieval documents] (which is the eighth [G3590 όγδοος (ogdoos) meaning 8th] month)
the house was finished in all the works thereof, and in all the appurtenances
thereof: and he was seven years in building it.” DR 1 Kings 6:38
“et in anno undecimo mense bul ipse
est mensis
octavus perfecta est domus in
omni opere suo et in universis utensilibus aedificavitque eam annis septem”
LV 1 Kings 6:38
“And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul [Bul;
uncertain origin or sense of rain], which is the eighth month, was the house
finished throughout all the parts thereof, and according to all the fashion of
it. So was he seven years in building it.” KJV 1 Kings 6:38
Ninth Month – Chaseleu, Casleu
I have not been able to find any meaning for the word
‘Chaseleu’.
Nehmiah – Chaseleu
“The words of Neemias the son of Chelcia. And it came to pass in the
month Chaseleu [Χασελεύ; Chaselef], of the twentieth year, that I was in
Susan the palace.” Sep Neh 1:1
“The words of Nehemias the son of Helchias. And it came to pass in the month of Casleu,
in the twentieth year, as I was in the castle of Susa” DR Neh 1:1
“verba Neemiae filii Echliae et factum est in mense casleu anno vicesimo et ego eram in Susis castro” LV
Neh 1:1
“The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass in the month Chisleu [Kislev:
the ninth month, loan-word from Babylonian kislimu, kislivu],
in the twentieth year, as I was in Shushan the palace” KJV Neh 1:1
Zechariah - Chaseleu
“And it came to pass in the fourth year of Darius the king, that the
word of the Lord came to Zacharias on the fourth day of the ninth month,
which is Chaseleu.”
Sep Zec 7:1
“And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of
the Lord came to Zacharias, in the fourth day of the ninth month, which is Casleu.”
DR Zec 7:1
“et factum est in anno quarto Darii regis factum est verbum Domini ad
Zacchariam in quarta mensis noni [9th] qui est casleu” LV Zec 7:1
“And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of
the Lord came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in
Chisleu” KJV Zec
7:1
Maccabees - Casleu
“Now on the five and twentieth day of the ninth month, which is called
the month
Casleu, in the hundred forty and eighth year, they rose up betimes
in the morning” Sep 1 Mac 4:52
“They rose early in the morning of the twenty-fifth day of the ninth
month, the month
of Kislev” Common English Apocrypha (CEA) 1 Mac 4:52
“And they arose before the morning on the five and twentieth day of the ninth month (which is the month of Casleu) in the hundred
and forty-eighth year.” DR 1 Mac 4:52
“And bifore morewtid thei risiden, in the fyue and twentithe dai of the nynthe monethe,
this is the monethe
Casleu, of the hundrid and eiyte and fourtithe yeer.” Wycliffe 1
Mac 4:52
Josephus called the ninth month Apelleus and the publisher
inserted the name ‘Casleu’ which is the Latin version of the nineth month:
“This battle was fought on the third day of the month Apelleus [CASLEU]; on the
next Mucianus came into the city with his army, and ordered Antonius and his
men to leave off killing” War 4.11.3:654
“in three days, viz., on the twentieth day of the ninth month, which, according to
the Hebrews, is called Tebeth, and according to the Macedonians, Apelleius”
Ant 11.5.3
Ten Month
The tenth month is called the tenth month always in the bible
except in this verse in Esther which the Septuagint states happened in the twelfth
month and the others say happened in the tenth month:
“So Esther went in to king Artaxerxes in the twelfth month, which is Adar,
in the seventh year of his reign.” Sep Est 2:16
“So she was brought to the chamber of king Assuerus the tenth month,
which is called Tebeth,
in the seventh year of his reign.” DR Est 2:16
“ducta est itaque ad cubiculum regis Asueri mense decimo qui vocatur tebeth septimo anno regni eius” LV Est
2:16
“Therfor sche was lad to the bed of kyng Assuerus, in the tenthe monethe,
which is clepid Cebeth,
in the seuenthe yeer of his rewme.” Wycliff Est 2:16
“So Esther was taken unto king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth month,
which is the month
Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign.” KJV Est 2:16
2 Kings – Tenth Month
“And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth [G1181 δεκάτω (dekatē); tenth] month, that Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came, and all his host, against
Jerusalem; and he encamped against it, and built a mound against it.” Sep 2 Ki 25:1
“And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month,
the tenth day of the month, that Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon came, he and
all his army against Jerusalem: and they surrounded it: end raised works round
about it.” DR 2 Kings 25:1
“factum est autem anno nono regni eius mense decimo [decimo; pay tithes from decimus meaning tenth] decima die mensis venit Nabuchodonosor rex
Babylonis ipse et omnis exercitus eius in Hierusalem et circumdederunt eam et
extruxerunt in circuitu eius munitiones” LV 2 Kings 25:1
“And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth [asiri
or asiriyyah or asirith: tenth] month, in the tenth day of the month, that
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he, and all his host, against Jerusalem,
and pitched against it; and they built forts against it round about. KJV 2 Kings 25:1
Eleventh Month - Sabat
Zechariah – Eleventh Month
“On the twenty-fourth day in the eleventh [G1734 ἑνδέκατος (hendekatos); eleventh] month, this is the month Sabat [Σαβάτ], in the
second year of the reign of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Zacharias, the
son of Barachias, the son of Addo, the prophet, saying” Sep Zec 1:7
“In the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month which is called Sabath, in the second year of
Darius, the word of the Lord came to Zacharias the son of Barachias, the son of
Addo, the prophet, saying:” DR Zec 1:7
“in die vicesima et quarta undecimo[from undecimus; eleventh]
mense sabath in anno secundo Darii factum est verbum Domini ad
Zacchariam filium Barachiae filium Addo prophetam dicens” LV Zec 1:7
“Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh [ashte:
eleventh] month, which is the month Sebat [Shebat:
eleventh month, loan-word from Babylonian], in the second year of Darius, came the word
of the Lord unto Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet,
saying” KJV Zec 1:7
1 Maccabees - Sabat
“Now Simon was visiting the cities that were in the country, and taking
care for the good ordering of them; at which time he came down himself to
Jericho with his sons, Mattathias and Judas, in the hundred threescore and
seventeenth year, in the eleventh month, called Sabat” Sep 1 Mac 16:14
“Now Simon, as he was going through the cities that were in the country
of Judea, and taking care for the good ordering of them, went down to Jericho,
he and Mathathias and Judas his sons, in the year one hundred and
seventy-seven, the eleventh month: the same is the month Sabath.”
DR 1 Mac 16:14
“Forsothe Symount walkide bi citees that weren in the cuntre of Judee,
and bar bisynesse of hem, and cam doun in to Jerico, he, and Matatias, his
sone, and Judas, in the hundrid yeer and seuene and seuentithe, in the enleuenthe
monethe; this is the monethe Sabath.” Wycliff 1 Mac 16:14
Twelve Month– Adar
Jeremiah – Twelfth Month
“And it came to pass in the thirty-seventh year after that Joakim king
of Juda had been carried away captive, in the twelfth [dōdekatos; twelfth] month,
on the four and twentieth day of the month, that Ulaemadachar king of Babylon,
in the year in which he began to reign, raised the head of Joakim king of Juda,
and shaved him, and brought him out of the house where he was kept” Sep Jer 52:31
“And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of
Joachin king of Juda, in the twelfth month, the five and twentieth day of
the month, that Evilmerodach king of Babylon, in the first year of his reign,
lifted up the head of Joachin king of Juda, and brought him forth out of prison.”
DR Jer 52:31
“et factum est in tricesimo septimo anno transmigrationis Ioachim regis
Iudae duodecimo
[duodecimus; twelfth] mense vicesima
quinta mensis elevavit Evilmerodach rex Babylonis ipso anno regni sui caput
Ioachim regis Iudae et eduxit eum de domo carceris” LV Jer 52:31
“And it was doon, in the seuene and threttithe yeer of the passyng ouer
of Joachym, kyng of Juda, in the tweluethe monethe, in the fyue and twentithe
dai of the monethe, Euylmerodach, kyng of Babiloyne, reiside in that yeer of
his rewme the heed of Joachym, kyng of Juda; and ledde hym out of the hous of
the prisoun” Wycliffe Jer 52:31
“And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of
Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth [shenayim
or shettayim: two] month, in the five and twentieth day of the
month, that Evilmerodach king of Babylon in the first year of his reign lifted
up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah, and brought him forth out of prison”
KJV Jer 52:31
Ezra - Adar
“And they finished this house by the third day of the month Adar [Αδάρ],
which is the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.” Sep Ezr 6:15
“And they were finishing this house of God, until the third day of the month of Adar,
which was in the sixth year of the reign of king Darius.” DR Ezr 6:15
“et conpleverunt domum Dei istam usque ad diem tertium mensis adar qui est annus sextus regni Darii regis” LV
Ezr 6:15
“and thei performyden this hows of God `til to the thridde dai of the monethe Adar,
which is the sixte yeer of the rewme of king Darius.” Wycliffe Ezr
6:15
“And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar,
which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.” KJV Ezr 6:15
2 Maccabees - Adar
“And they ordained all with a common decree in no case to let that day
pass without solemnity, but to celebrate the thirtieth day of the twelfth month, which in the Syrian
tongue is called Adar [αδαρ], the day before Mardocheus' day.” Sep 2
Mac 15:36
“And they all ordained by a common decree, by no means to let this day
pass without solemnity: But to celebrate the thirteenth day of the month of Adar,
called, in the Syrian language, the
day before Mardochias' day.” DR 2
Mac 15:36-37
“The people decided to issue a regulation forbidding anyone to forget this
day but reminding all to celebrate the thirteenth day of the twelfth month,
called Adar
in the Syrian language, the day
before Mordecai’s day.” Common English Apocrypha (CEA) 2 Mac 15:36-37
“Therfor alle men by comyn counsel demyden in no maner for to passe this
dai with out solempnytee, but for to haue solempnyte in the threttenthe dai of
the moneth
Adar, that is seid, bi vois of Sirie,
the firste dai of Mardocheus.” Wycliffe 2 Mac 15:35-36
Also see https://studybible.info/compare/2%20Maccabees%2015:36
for more versions.
Esdra - Adar
“And they finished these things by the commandment of the Lord God of
Israel, and with the consent of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes, kings of Persia.
And thus was the holy house finished in the three and twentieth day of the month Adar,
in the sixth year of Darius king of the Persians” Sep 1 Esdra 7:4-5
“They finished it by the command of
the Lord God of Israel. So with the consent of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes,
the kings of the Persians, the holy house was finished by the twenty-third day
of the month
of Adar, in the sixth year of King Darius.” Common English Apocrypha
1 Esdra 7:4
“And oure hous is endid, in the three and twentithe dai of the monthe of
Marche, in the sixte yeer of kyng Darij.” Wycliffe 2 Esdra 7:5
(I cannot find the original Latin to verify this verse)
See more versions of this verse here https://studybible.info/compare/1%20Esdras%207:5
Josephus states the twelfth month is called Adar:
“and in the ninth year of the reign
of Darius, on the twenty-third day of the twelfth month, which is by us called Adar,
but by the Macedonians Dystrus, the priests and Levites, and the
other multitude of the Israelites, offered sacrifices, as the renovation of
their former prosperity after their captivity.” Ant 11.4.6:107
