Overview
The Feast of Purim is held is held currently in the month of
March however on the old Roman calendar this feast was originally held in February which means purification.
Purim comes from the Latin word pūrum which
means to cleans or purify. The
bible calls this feast the Feast of Purim and the Romans called it the Feast of
Expiation or Purification (Feralis). The
original biblical feast was a three day feast.
The table below compares these the biblical feast to the Roman
feasts to show they are the same feasts; however due to calendar
changes these feast are no longer held on the same dates.
Jesus cleaned the temple of the money changers on about March
30th which was March 10th or Abib 10 on the
old calendar. Also the biblical events
in Exodus regarding the plagues of Egypt all happened prior to Passover which
is normally observed on April 3rd each year which was March 14th
or Abib 14th on the old calendar.
Both of these events were an act of purification or cleansing that occurred
shortly after the above event surrounding Purim.
Background
Queen Esther’s Prayer for Mercy
Background
In 463 BC, Esther, a descendant of Benjamin, became Queen
and wife of the Persian King Artaxerxes (Ahasuerus) I Longimanus. She was raised by her uncle Mordecai because
both of her parents had died. Prior Esther becoming Queen there had not been an
Israelite on the throne since King Zedekiah in 586 BC.
“Now there was a Judean in the city Susa, and his name was Mardochaeus (Mordecai), the son of Jairus, the son of Semeias, the son of Cisaeus, of the
tribe of Benjamin; who had been brought a prisoner from Jerusalem, which
Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon had carried into captivity. And he had a foster
child, daughter of Aminadab his father's brother, and her name was Esther; and
when her parents were dead, he brought her up for a wife for himself: and the
damsel was beautiful.” Sep Est 2:5-7
“(198)
So when a great number of these virgins were gathered together, there was found
a damsel in Babylon, whose parents were both dead, and she was brought up with
her uncle Mordecai, for that was her
uncle's name. This uncle was of the tribe
of Benjamin, and was one of the principal persons among the Judeans. (199) Now
it proves that this damsel, whose name was Esther,
was the most beautiful of all the rest, and that the grace of her countenance
drew the eyes of the spectators principally upon her:” Antiquities 11.6.1
“Now there was a Judean in Susa whose name was Mordecai, Jair’s son. He came from the family line of Shimei and
Kish; he was a Benjaminite. He had
been taken into exile away from Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon.
Mordecai had a foster child named Esther,
a daughter of his uncle Aminadab. When her pares died, Mordecai had taken her and raised her to become his wife. The girl
was lovely to look at.” Additions
to Esther 2:5-7
It was during the reign of Persian King Artaxerxes and Queen
Esther that the remaining Israelite captives were allowed to return to Jerusalem. Also during this time the Mordecai had victory
over the Amalekites and when the feast of Purim was declared by Queen
Esther. According to scripture, King
Cyrus would lead the building of the temple in Jerusalem. Darius and Arthasastha (Artaxerxes) were
Cyrus’ predecessors to the throne of Persia.
“Thus
saith the Lord God to my anointed Cyrus, whose right hand I have held, that nations might be obedient before
him; and I will break through the strength of kings; I will open doors before
him, and cities shall not be closed.” Sep Isa 45:1
“And the elders of the Judeans and the Levites built, at the prophecy of
Aggaeus the prophet, and Zacharias the son of Addo: and they built up, and
finished it, by
the decree of the God of Israel, and by the decree of Cyrus, and Darius, and
Arthasastha, kings of the Persians.” Sep Ezr 6:14
This timeline is to show how the events took place and who
was in control of Jerusalem at the time.
External Empires
|
Date
|
Event
|
Power In Control of Judea
|
Verse/s
|
Babylon Empire
|
605 BC
|
Nebuchadnezzar the Great becomes king
of Babylon
|
Judah
|
2 Kings 24:1
|
Babylon Empire
|
597 BC
|
Zedekiah becomes king of Judea
|
Judah
|
2 King 24:18
|
Babylon Empire
|
586 BC
|
Fall of Jerusalem, King Zedekiah, the
tribe of Judah his sons of Phares & tribe of Benjamin, some Levites,
Ephraim, and Manasse were taken captive to Babylon
|
Babylon
|
Jer 52:28
1 Esd 1:53-55
1 Chr 9
|
Babylon Empire
|
559 BC
|
Cyrus II the Great becomes king of
Babylon
|
Babylon
|
2 Chr 36:22
Isa 45:1
|
Persian Empire
|
539 BC
|
Fall of Babylon
|
Persian
|
Jer 51:60
|
Persian Empire
|
538 BC
|
Edict of Cyrus issued
|
Persian
|
2 Chr 36:22-23
Ezra 1:1-2
Ezra 6:3
|
Persian Empire
|
522 BC
|
Return of Zerubbabel and Mordecai to
Jerusalem
|
Persian
|
1 Chr 9
|
Persian Empire
|
521 BC
|
Darius I the Great, a Mede, becomes
king of Persia
The Medes are descendants of Madai who
was Japheth’s son. Japheth is son of Noah.
|
Persian
|
Dan 9:1
Antiquities 1.5
Gen 10:2
Ezra 6:12
|
Persian Empire
|
515 BC
|
2nd Temple Built in Judea
|
Persian
|
Ezra 6:14-15
|
Persian Empire
|
586 BC
|
Xerxes, son of Darius, becomes king of
Persia
|
Persian
|
Antiquities 11.5.1
|
Persian Empire
|
464 BC
|
Cyrus son of Xerxes, who was also
called Artaxerxes (Ahasuerus) I Longimanus, becomes king of Persia.
He lived in the providence of Elam
city of Shushan (Susa). During his
reign the whole nation of Israel became endangered of perishing.
|
Persian
|
Ezra 4:7
Antiquities 11.6.1
Tob 14:15
|
Persian Empire
|
463 BC
|
Esther, of the tribe of Benjamin, becomes Queen and the wife of king Artaxerxes of Persia
|
Persian
|
Est 2:7
Est 2:16-18
Antiquities 11.6.2
|
Persian Empire
|
452 BC
|
Mordecai,
of the tribe of Benjamin, was crowned viceroy to king Artaxerxes of Persia
after defeating Haman an Amalekite and descendant of Esau.
|
Persian
|
Est 3:17, 8:15, 9:10, 10:3, Antiquities
11.6.5 & 11.6.11, Exo 17:16
1 Chr 34:35-36
|
Persian Empire
|
The Feast of Purim was declared
|
Persian
|
Est 9:20-32
Antiquities 11.6.12
|
|
Persian Empire
|
457 BC
|
During the reign of King Artaxerxes & Queen Esther, Ezra
(Esdras) returns to Jerusalem with many other Israelites.
|
Persian
|
Ezra 7:1, Ezra 8
1 Esd 8:1, 2 Esd 1:2
|
Persian Empire
|
444 BC
|
During the reign of King Artaxerxes & Queen Esther, Nehemiah
returns to Jerusalem and becomes ruler.
|
Persian
|
Neh 2:1, 5:14
|
Macedonian (Greek)
|
336 BC
|
Alexander the Great, the Macedonian becomes
king of Greece. The people were known
as Kittim.
|
Persian
|
1 Mac 1:1
Antiquities 11.8.1
|
Macedonian (Greek)
|
334 BC
|
Alexander conquers Persia during the
reign of Darius III
|
Macedonian
|
1 Mac 1:1-3
|
Macedonian (Greek)
|
333 BC
|
Alexander conquers Jerusalem
|
Macedonian
|
1 Mac 1:3
|
Macedonian (Greek)
|
332 BC
|
Alexander conquers Egypt
|
Macedonian
|
1 Mac 1:3
|
Egypt
|
323 BC
|
Ptolemy I Sater becomes king of Egypt
|
Egypt
|
Antiquities 12.1.1
1 Mac 10:51
|
Egypt
|
312 BC
|
Ptolemy takes Jerusalem
|
Egypt
|
Antiquities 12.1.1
|
Egypt
|
282 BC
|
Ptolemy II Philadelphus becomes king
of Egypt
The Septuagint was translated under
his direction into Koine Greek.
|
Egypt
|
Antiquities 12.2.1
|
Seleucid Empire (Greek)
|
187 BC
|
Seleucus IV Philopotler becomes king
|
Seleucus
|
1 Mac 7:1
2 Mac 3:3, 4:7, 5:18, 14:1
|
Seleucid Empire (Greek)
|
168 BC
|
Maccabee Revolt
|
Seleucus
|
2 Mac
|
Seleucid Empire (Greek)
|
165 BC
|
Judas Maccabee becomes high Priest
& Captain
|
Maccabee an Israelite
|
1 Mac 2:66, 3:11
|
Queen Esther’s Prayer for Mercy
Below is part of Queen Esther’s pray for mercy for herself
and the Israelites that she performed before the Mordecai’s victory:
“Now, Lord God, King, God of Abraham, spare your people, because the
enemy seeks our ruin. They desire to destroy what has been your possession from
the beginning. Don’t neglect your people, whom you delivered out of Egypt.
Listen to my appeal, and have mercy on the people who are your lot. Turn our
mourning into feasting, that we might live and sing praises to your name, Lord.
Don’t silence the voice of those who praise you.” Brenton Septuagint &
the Additions to Esther, Addition C:8-10
“Then she begged the Lord God of Israel: “My Lord, you alone are our
king. Help me! I have no one to help me but you, and I am in great danger now.
From my birth, Lord, I have heard how you chose Israel from among the rest of
the nations, and our fathers from their ancestors, to be an everlasting
inheritance. I have heard how you did for them all that you had promised. But
now we have sinned before you, and you have delivered us into the power of our
enemies because we worshipped their gods. You are just, Lord. Yet the enemies
weren’t satisfied with our bitter slavery, so they shook hands with their idols
in partnership. They plan to set aside the promises you made, to rob you of
your inheritance, to silence those who praise you, and to stamp out the honor
of your temple and your altar. They want to open the mouths of the nations to
praise the wonderful deeds of useless idols so that a human king might be
honored forever.” Brenton Septuagint & the Additions to Esther 13:14-21
Feast of
Purim
The Feast of Purim was declared in the Book of Esther to be
celebrated as a memorial forever. It was
to be celebrated to remember that they defeated their adversaries. It was to be celebrated in the twelve month
which was later named February.
“For
in the twelfth
month, on the thirteenth day of the month which is Adar, the letters
written by the king arrived. In that day the adversaries of the Judeans
perished: for no one resisted, through fear of them. For the chiefs of the
satraps, and the princes and the royal scribes, honoured the Judeans; for the
fear of Mardochaeus lay upon them. For the order of the king was in force, that
he should be celebrated in all the kingdom. And in the city Susa the Judeans
slew five hundred men: both Pharsannes, and Delphon and Phasga, and Pharadatha,
and Barea, and Sarbaca, and Marmasima, and Ruphaeus, and Arsaeus, and Zabuthaeus,
the ten sons of Aman the son of Amadathes the Bugaean, the enemy of the
Judeans, and they plundered their property on the same day: and the number of
them that perished in Susa was rendered to the king. And the king said to
Esther, The Judeans have slain five hundred men in the city Susa; and how,
thinkest thou, have they used them in the rest of the country? What then dost
thou yet ask, that it may be done for thee? And Esther said to the king, let it
be granted to the Judeans so to treat them tomorrow as to hand the ten sons of
Aman. And he permitted it to be so done; and he gave up to the Judeans of the
city the bodies of the sons of Aman to hang. And the Judeans assembled in Susa
on the fourteenth day of Adar, and slew three hundred men, but plundered no
property. And the rest of the Judeans who were in the kingdom assembled, and
helped one another, and obtained rest from their enemies: for they destroyed
fifteen thousand of them on the thirteenth day of Adar, but took no spoil.
And they
rested on the fourteenth of the same month, and kept it as a day of
rest with joy and gladness. And the Judeans in the city Susa assembled also on
the fourteenth
day and rested [this day is a normally a
Sabbath rest day]; and they kept also the fifteenth with joy and gladness.
On this account then it is that the Judeans dispersed in every foreign land
keep the fourteenth of Adar as a holy day with joy, sending portions each to
his neighbour.” Sep Est 9:1-19
The Triumphant
of Mordecai with the blowing of trumpets painted in 1624
Queen Esther establishes the Feast of Purim to be forever memorialized
in the twelve month, now called February, on the 14th and 15th.
“And
Mardochaeus wrote these things in a book, and sent them to the Judeans, as many
as were in the kingdom of Artaxerxes, both them that were near and them that
were afar off, to establish these as joyful days, and to keep the fourteenth and
fifteenth of Adar; for on these days the Judeans obtained rest from
their enemies; and as to the month, which was Adar, in which a change was made
for them, from mourning to joy, and from sorrow to a good day, to spend the
whole of it in good days of feasting and gladness, sending portions to their
friends, and to the poor. And the Judeans consented to this accordingly as
Mardochaeus wrote to them, shewing how Aman the son of Amadathes the Macedonian
fought against them, how he made a decree and cast lots to destroy them
utterly; also how he went in to the king, telling him to hang Mardochaeus: but
all the calamities he tried to bring upon the Judeans came upon himself, and he
was hanged, and his children. Therefore these days were called Phrurae (now called Purim), because of the lots; (for in
their language they are called Phrurae;)because of the words of this letter,
and because of all they suffered on this account, and all that happened to
them. And Mardochaeus established it, and the Judeans took upon themselves, and
upon their seed, and upon those that were joined to them to observe it, neither
would they on any account behave differently: but these days were to be a memorial kept in
every generation, and city, and family, and province. And these days
of the Phrurae, said they,shall be kept for ever, and their memorial shall not
fail in any generation. And
queen Esther, the daughter of Aminadab, and Mardochaeus, wrote all that they
had done, and the confirmation of the letter of Phrurae. And Mardochaeus and
Esther the queen appointed a fast for themselves privately, even at that time
also having formed their plan against their own health. And Esther established it by a command for
ever, and it was written for a memorial.” Sep
Esther 9:20-32
Therefore,
they destroyed the lot
that was bringing calamites to the people of Judea. A number of people were destroyed collectively;
therefore the city of Judea was purified.
Later in the Book of Maccabees a decree was made to memorialize
the 13th day of the twelve month, now called February, as a day to
remember that they defeated their adversaries.
“Maccabeus
seeing the coming of the multitude, and the divers preparations of armour, and
the fierceness of the beasts, stretched out his hands toward heaven, and called
upon the Lord that worketh wonders, knowing that victory cometh not by arms,
but even as it seemeth good to him, he giveth it to such as are worthy:
Therefore in his prayer he said after this manner; O Lord, thou didst send
thine angel in the time of Ezekias king of Judea, and didst slay in the host of
Sennacherib an hundred fourscore and five thousand: Wherefore now also, O Lord
of heaven, send a good angel before us for a fear and dread unto them; And
through the might of thine arm let those be stricken with terror, that come
against thy holy people to blaspheme. And he ended thus. Then Nicanor and they
that were with him came forward with trumpets and songs. But Judas and his company encountered the
enemies with invocation and prayer. So that fighting with their hands, and
praying unto God with their hearts, they slew no less than thirty and five thousand men:
for through the appearance of God they were greatly cheered. Now when the
battle was done, returning again with joy, they knew that Nicanor lay dead in
his harness. Then they made a great shout and a noise, praising the Almighty in
their own language. And Judas, who was ever the chief defender of the citizens
both in body and mind, and who continued his love toward his countrymen all his
life, commanded to strike off Nicanor's head, and his hand with
his shoulder, and bring them to Jerusalem. So when he was there, and called
them of his nation together, and set the priests before the altar, he sent for
them that were of the tower, And shewed them vile Nicanor's head, and the
hand of that blasphemer,
which with proud brags he had stretched out against the holy temple of the
Almighty. And when he had cut out the tongue of that ungodly Nicanor, he
commanded that they should give it by pieces unto the fowls, and hang up the
reward of his madness before the temple. So every man praised toward the heaven
the glorious Lord, saying, Blessed be he that hath kept his own place
undefiled. He hanged also Nicanor's head upon the tower, an evident and
manifest sign unto all of the help of the Lord. And they ordained all with a
common decree in no case to let that day pass without solemnity, but to celebrate
the thirtieth day of the twelfth month, which in the Syrian tongue is called
Adar, the day before Mardocheus' day. “ Sep 2 Maccabees
15:21-36
So again the
city of Judea was purified by destroying collectively a lot (group) of people
during the 12th month which became known as February.
Priest Judas
Maccabees
In c. 94 AD, historian Flavius Josephus wrote that they
Judeans were still observing the Feast of Purim:
“(293)
Mordecai also wrote to the Judeans that lived in the kingdom of Artaxerxes to
observe these days, and to celebrate them as festivals, and to deliver them
down to posterity, that this festival might continue for all time to come, and
that it might never be buried in oblivion; (294) for since they were about to
be destroyed on these days by Haman they would do a right thing, upon escaping
the danger in them, and on them inflicting punishment on their enemies, to
observe those days, and give thanks to God on them; (295) for which cause the
Judeans still keep the forementioned days, and call them days of Phurim [OR
PURIM].” Antiquities 11.6.12
Therefore, now the Feast of Purim was to begin on the 13th day just like the Roman feasts of Parentalia and Feralis. It was a day to remember all those who had died in the Book of Esther and in 2nd Maccabees.
Saint Patrick
It is also interesting that the Christian celebration of Saint Patrick’s Day is
celebrated on March 17th which was the 12th month known
as February 29th on the old calendar. On this date we celebrate Saint Patrick
purifying Ireland by getting rid of snakes. In the bible snakes and serpents
are references to evil people; therefore our enemies.
February Means Purification
The Roman month Februarius
was named after the Latin term februum, which means purification, via the
purification ritual held on February 15th. The purification ritual was the Feast of
Purim. We do know that the Romans during the Apostle
Paul’s life were of Israelite genes since Paul wrote to them. Paul was an apostle to the gentiles. Gentiles come from the Latin word ‘gentÄ«lis’ which means
belonging to the same family orgÄns. Paul
confirms the Romans are related to him in these verses:
“I
say then: Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite of the seed of
Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. God hath not cast away his people, which
he foreknew. Know you not what the scripture saith of Elias; how he calleth on
God against Israel?” DR Romans 11:1-2
1913 Webster’s Dictionary
So February was
also known as the month of expiation because of the Roman feast of expiation and
purification was held then. Here are the
definitions of expiation and expiate:
1913 Webster’s Dictionary
So February was the
month of purification by expiration just like what happened in the Books of
Esther and Maccabees.
The month of February was also called historically called Kale-month
which is also known as cole or cabbage.
According to The
Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Volume 10, the Saxons called the month of February
‘spout-kale’.
Eating and throwing cabbage is an old February tradition Many European names for cabbage are derived from
the Celto-Slavic root cap or kap, meaning
"head". The late Middle English word cabbage derives from the word
caboche "head". Some verities
of cabbage are called capitata which is a reference to the word head. Slang use of the word of the word cabbage is
"cabbage-head" which means a fool or stupid person and
"cabbaged" means to be exhausted or, vulgarly, in a vegetative state. In Maccabees above Nicanor’s head was decapitated
and he was pronounced a blasphemer therefore he was vulgar. The word decapitated and capitata both refer
to the word head just like the word cabbage.
Therefore, the cabbage throwing tradition may have started with this
event in 2nd Maccabees.
The throwing of cabbage still occurs today on St. Patrick’s
Day. Today St. Patrick’s Day is held on
March 17th; however on the biblical calendar that day would have
been the twelfth month, February, on the 29th day. Back then the twelfth month did have 31 days.
Today St. Patrick’s Day is celebrated with corned beef and cabbage; therefore,
cabbage has been a tradition for the month of February for a long time. On this
page an explanation of why cabbage is thrown today on St. Patrick’s Day is
given stating it dates back to the potato famine that occurred in 1845;
however, that cannot be true since below I have posted a newspaper article
showing that in 1844 the cabbage throwing tradition had already been
established.
A Young
girl that caught cabbage
at the St. Patrick’s Day Parade in New Orleans.
Another reason cabbage maybe of importance is because cabbage
plant is part of the Cruciferae family and comes from the word crucifer which means ‘cross
bearer’ and a cross bearer is part of a religious procession. Plants from the Cruciferae family have four
petals so when the flower blooms they look like a cross.
Cross bearing flower sources:
The Festivals of Parentalia, Feralis, and Carista
According to newspaper accounts below, the Romans originally
called All Saints Day - Feralis
and it was celebrated February
13th to the 21st. Feralis means god or a sacred place and is associated
with the dead, corpses and funerals. The
February 13th through 20th observance was called the Parentalia
Festival for honoring their dead ancestors and the yearly renewal of the rite
of burial. Below are 1913 Webster’s Dictionary
Definitions:
On Feralis Roman citizens were instructed to bring offerings to
the tombs of their dead ancestors which consisted of at least "an
arrangement of wreaths, a sprinkling of grain and a bit of salt, bread soaked in wine and
violets scattered about." The Israelites
were to use salt in all of their offerings since salt purifies and cleanses
naturally. The bread soaked in wine was
probably represented of the New Covenant that Jesus gave us at the Last Super.
“Whatsoever sacrifice thou offerest, thou shalt season it with salt,
neither shalt thou take away the salt of the covenant of thy God from thy
sacrifice. In all thy oblations thou shalt offer salt.” Lev 2:13
“All the firstfruits of the sanctuary which the children of Israel offer
to the Lord, I have given to thee and to thy sons and daughters, by a perpetual
ordinance. It is a covenant of salt for
ever before the Lord, to thee and to thy sons.” Num 18:19
“Do you not know that the Lord God of Israel gave to David the kingdom
over Israel for ever, to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?” 2 Chr
13:5
“And he said: Bring me a new vessel, and put salt into it. And when they had
brought it, He went out to the spring of the waters, and cast the salt into it, and said: Thus saith the Lord: I have healed these waters, and there
shall be no more in them death or barrenness.” 2 Kings 2:20-21
Caristia was celebrated on February 22nd and was to honored family
or ancestors. It followed the Parentalia, nine days of remembrance which began on February
13 and concluded with the Feralia on February 21. For the Parentalia, families visited
the tombs of their ancestors and shared cake and wine both in the form of
offerings and as a meal among themselves. The Feralia was a more somber
occasion, a public festival of sacrifices and offerings to the Manes, the
spirits of the dead who required propitiation (cover over
sin). The Caristia in recognition of the family line as it continued into
the present and among the living. Caristia was a day of reconciliation when
disagreements were to be set aside.
From Parentalia to Caristia all temples were closed, marriages
were forbidden, and "magistrates appeared without their insignia," an
indication that no official business was conducted. This is because these
feasts were considered a time of mourning for the dead. Saint Valentine later changed this to allow marriages during the Feast of Purim.
February was
the Last Month
Merriam-Webster
dictionary states that that the last week of the year was the feast of
purification. In the ancient Roman calendar March was originally the first
month of the year and hence February was the last. The last weeks of the year
was a time when people made up for their wrongdoings and purifications were
performed. These rituals were called februa in Latin, and from them the month
took its name, Februarius. This is
probably where we get the tradition of making New Year’s Resolutions since
normally resolutions are to correct a wrong doing in our life.
Old Newspaper References
According to old newspapers the Feast of Purim was moved to May
and then to the date we call Halloween.
I have documented this fact on this page where I provide further proof http://kingdomhereamerica.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-origins-of-all-hallows-eve-all.html
Below are just two of the examples I found from the above link.
11/6/1848 news – All Saints Day Origin is Feralis
10/31/1919 news – Hallowe’en on New Year’s Eve
This article agrees that Halloween use to be in February
which used to be the last month of the year.
Conclusion
The Feast of Purim is not a feast required by the laws of Moses;
however it was a feast ordained by an Israelite Queen. The Feast
of the Dedication is not a required feast by the laws of Moses either and
was ordained by a Maccabee King; never the less Jesus did honor this feast by
attending (John 10:22-23).
The event the ancient Israelites endured in the book of Esther and
Maccabees were a hardship for them; therefore it was a time of mourning that
was turned to joy. The Feast of Purim
became a time to reconcile their enemies that died sins and reconcile family
disputes. It was also a time to pay
respect to our ancestors by going to their graves and leaving offerings to
cover their sin. Today it is a tradition
to put flowers on the graves of our ancestors; maybe it would be better to
leave grain and salt like the early Romans did. It is a good time for us to do the same prior
to starting the new biblical year that always begins on the spring equinox.
Sources & More Information
Additions to
Esther text https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Greek%20Esther+1&version=NRSV
Additions to
Esther text http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/apo/aes.htm
About Jerome
the translator of the Latin Vulgate version of the bible and the Additions to
Esther https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-jerome-the-bible-translator/
Jerome
translated the “Additions to the book of Esther” from the Common
Septuagint
Book of
Esther included in the Origen Hexapla published in 1875 AD
No comments:
Post a Comment